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Proyecto Ecopest Tech Solutions

Proyecto Ecopest Tech Solutions

El control de plagas urbanas está en plena transformación. Durante décadas, la respuesta ante roedores, mosquitos o cucarachas ha sido prácticamente siempre la misma: aplicar biocidas y esperar resultados. Pero esa forma de trabajar tiene un coste que ya no podemos ignorar: toxicidad acumulada, bioacumulación en organismos no diana, pérdida de biodiversidad y, cada vez más, resistencias a los propios productos que usamos. La Unión Europea lo sabe. El sector lo sabe. Y es por eso que el Proyecto Ecopest Tech Solutions existe.

Estructura funcional del proyecto Ecopest

¿Qué es el Proyecto Ecopest Tech Solutions?

El Proyecto Ecopest Tech Solutions es una iniciativa de innovación, investigación y desarrollo (I+D) orientada a transformar el control de plagas urbanas desde su base: reducir el uso de biocidas tradicionales sin sacrificar eficacia, apostando por soluciones más seguras, inteligentes y respetuosas con el medio ambiente.

El proyecto está liderado por Athisa Medio Ambiente, empresa de Grupo SASTI y referente nacional en control de plagas con más de 40 años de trayectoria y servicios a más de 700 ayuntamientos en toda España. Junto a ella, un consorcio multidisciplinar formado por empresas tecnológicas como Nazaríes Intelligenia y Cactus, el centro de investigación Fundación MEDINA, y los clústeres OnTech Innovation y Bioga, convierten este proyecto en un modelo de colaboración público-privada con impacto real.

El marco regulatorio europeo empuja en la misma dirección: el Reglamento (UE) 528/2012 sobre productos biocidas, la Estrategia Química para la Sostenibilidad del Pacto Verde Europeo y la Decisión de Ejecución (UE) 2024/816 instan a evaluar alternativas no químicas y a sustituir progresivamente las sustancias más peligrosas. El proyecto no solo responde a esta presión normativa, sino que la anticipa.

Objetivo principal del proyecto

El objetivo central del Proyecto Ecopest Tech Solutions es claro: desarrollar soluciones tecnológicas y formulaciones innovadoras que permitan minimizar el uso de biocidas convencionales en los servicios de control de plagas urbanas, protegiendo simultáneamente la salud humana, la salud animal y el medio ambiente.

Para lograrlo, el proyecto combina tres grandes palancas: biotecnología aplicada al desarrollo de biopesticidas de origen natural, tecnología digital e inteligencia artificial para la monitorización inteligente de plagas, y sistemas avanzados de control vectorial con alternativas no químicas como la Técnica del Insecto Estéril.

Fases del Proyecto Ecopest Tech Solutions

El proyecto se ha diseñado como una hoja de ruta progresiva en tres fases sucesivas, cada una construida sobre los aprendizajes de la anterior y orientada a alcanzar un mayor nivel de madurez tecnológica.

Fase I: Exploración estratégica y selección de tecnologías 

La primera fase fue el punto de partida. En ella se definieron las estrategias, los compuestos y las tecnologías preliminares necesarias para avanzar hacia un modelo de gestión de plagas más respetuoso con el entorno. Se identificaron extractos microbianos con potencial bioinsecticida mediante técnicas moleculares de alto rendimiento y se sentaron las bases para el desarrollo de nuevas formulaciones de rodenticidas y cucarachicidas menos agresivos.

Fue, en esencia, la fase en la que el proyecto aprendió qué funciona, qué no, y qué merece escalar.

Fase II: Validación tecnológica en entornos reales

La segunda fase dio el salto de laboratorio a campo. Se validaron en condiciones reales y semicontroladas las tecnologías desarrolladas en la Fase I, y se incorporaron nuevas líneas de trabajo con alto potencial.

En el plano tecnológico, se desarrolló un sistema de visión por computador integrado en dispositivos autónomos capaces de detectar roedores en entornos tan complejos como alcantarillados, transmitiendo los datos en tiempo real mediante protocolo LoRa a una plataforma IoT de gestión y visualización. En biopesticidas, los ensayos in vivo demostraron resultados prometedores: cinco extractos microbianos mostraron hasta tres veces más mortalidad que el vehículo frente a larvas del mosquito tigre (Aedes albopictus), y cuatro de ellos superaron el 30% de eficacia como adulticidas en spray, sin toxicidad para células hepáticas humanas.

Resultados concretos, sobre mesa, que justificaron la continuación del proyecto.

Fase III: Consolidación, ampliación y transferencia al mercado

La tercera fase, actualmente en desarrollo, es la más ambiciosa. Con un presupuesto de 399.898 € y una duración de 11 meses, representa la transición desde los desarrollos de laboratorio hacia soluciones operativas y escalables, listas para su implantación en servicios municipales y del sector profesional.

En esta fase se trabaja en cuatro líneas complementarias: la optimización de formulaciones bioinsecticidas de amplio espectro frente a múltiples especies de mosquitos, el desarrollo de sistemas de vigilancia inteligente para cucarachas en entornos industriales, la implementación de un sistema de sexado automatizado de mosquitos para la Técnica del Insecto Estéril, y la creación de un asistente conversacional basado en inteligencia artificial para apoyar a los técnicos en la aplicación normativa de biocidas.

Ventajas del Proyecto Ecopest Tech Solutions

Lo que hace especialmente relevante al Proyecto Ecopest Tech Solutions no es solo lo que investiga, sino cómo integra disciplinas que hasta ahora funcionaban de forma separada: biología, tecnología de sensores, inteligencia artificial y normativa medioambiental. El resultado es un enfoque sistémico que aporta ventajas concretas.

Uso de tecnología inteligente para la monitorización de roedores

Olvida las revisiones manuales periódicas como único método de control. El sistema de monitorización desarrollado en el proyecto utiliza sensores infrarrojos, visión por computador y algoritmos de detección integrados en dispositivos compactos instalados en puntos clave como alcantarillas o espacios subterráneos.

El sistema identifica la presencia de roedores de forma autónoma, genera alertas contextualizadas y transmite los datos a una plataforma IoT centralizada que permite tomar decisiones basadas en evidencia: cuándo actuar, dónde actuar y con qué intensidad. El resultado práctico es una reducción significativa del uso preventivo e indiscriminado de biocidas, menores costes operativos y mayor trazabilidad de las actuaciones.

En la Fase III, este enfoque se amplía al control de cucarachas en entornos industriales y alimentarios, donde la IA aprende a identificar automáticamente las tres especies plaga más comunes en entornos urbanos: Blattella germanica, Periplaneta americana y Blatta orientalis.

Foto 1. Trampa de roedores de la Fase I de Ecopest. 

Nuevas formulaciones biocidas más sostenibles

Uno de los pilares más sólidos del proyecto es el trabajo de Fundación MEDINA con extractos microbianos de origen natural. Su plataforma de cribado de alto rendimiento (una de las mayores del mundo en diversidad de cepas microbianas) con más de 190.000 extractos biológicos catalogados, permite identificar moléculas bioactivas con actividad insecticida específica y un perfil de toxicidad notablemente más bajo que los insecticidas de síntesis convencionales.

En la Fase III, el trabajo se centra en enriquecer las formulaciones más prometedoras con los compuestos bioactivos identificados, comparando su eficacia frente a los extractos originales y ampliando el espectro de acción más allá del mosquito tigre hacia otras especies de relevancia sanitaria como Culex pipiens, vector del Virus del Nilo Occidental en Europa.

El proceso de obtención de estos extractos también incorpora criterios de sostenibilidad ambiental: se minimiza el uso de disolventes orgánicos, se maximiza el contenido en agua de las formulaciones y se optimizan los pasos de procesado para reducir la huella ambiental del producto desde su origen.

Biopesticidas eficaces contra mosquitos

La búsqueda de alternativas a los piretroides —insecticidas sintéticos ampliamente utilizados pero con efectos negativos documentados sobre organismos acuáticos, polinizadores y ecosistemas— es uno de los retos más urgentes en sanidad ambiental.

El proyecto ha dado pasos concretos en esa dirección. Los biopesticidas desarrollados a partir de extractos microbianos han demostrado en ensayos in vivo eficacia significativa tanto en fase larvaria como adulta del mosquito tigre, con tres modalidades de aplicación validadas: spray directo, cebo alimenticio y actividad larvicida. Y lo más relevante: los ensayos de citotoxicidad con células hepáticas humanas confirman un bajo riesgo de toxicidad para la salud.

Además, la Fase III investiga la Técnica del Insecto Estéril (SIT) aplicada al género Culex, una estrategia no química basada en la liberación de machos estériles que, al competir con los machos fértiles silvestres, reducen progresivamente la población sin contaminar el entorno. Para viabilizarla a escala, el consorcio desarrolla un sistema de sexado automático de mosquitos mediante visión artificial, capaz de diferenciar machos y hembras en tiempo real con alta precisión, resolviendo uno de los principales cuellos de botella tecnológicos de esta técnica.

Esquema de la Técnica del Mosquito Estéril (SIT)

Impacto y perspectivas del proyecto en un futuro | Grupo SASTI

El Proyecto Ecopest Tech Solutions es una apuesta concreta por transformar la forma en que se gestiona la salud ambiental urbana, y sus resultados tienen aplicación directa en servicios públicos, industria alimentaria, infraestructuras críticas y gestión municipal.

Desde Grupo SASTI seguimos de cerca y participamos activamente en proyectos de este tipo porque representan exactamente el enfoque que defendemos: rigor científico, innovación tecnológica aplicada y compromiso real con la sostenibilidad. No se trata de comunicar intenciones, sino de demostrar resultados medibles: menos biocidas, más precisión, mejores datos, menor impacto ambiental.

El contexto epidemiológico global (con la expansión de vectores como Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus o Culex pipiens y el aumento del riesgo de enfermedades como el dengue, el Zika o el Virus del Nilo Occidental) hace que estas soluciones no sean opcionales, sino urgentes. Las ciudades, las administraciones públicas y las empresas del sector necesitan herramientas más inteligentes, y el Proyecto Ecopest Tech Solutions está contribuyendo a construirlas.

A medida que el proyecto avance hacia la validación y transferencia operativa de sus desarrollos, las soluciones generadas estarán disponibles para su aplicación en servicios reales: trampas inteligentes conectadas, formulaciones bioinsecticidas de nueva generación, sistemas de sexado automatizado para la SIT y asistentes de IA que apoyan a los técnicos en campo con respuestas fundamentadas, trazables y conformes a la normativa vigente.

El futuro del control de plagas es más inteligente, más sostenible y más responsable. Y proyectos como Ecopest Tech Solutions están poniendo los cimientos para que ese futuro sea posible.